This paper explores the linkages between gender, energy, and poverty and the empirical evidence on these linkages - with an emphasis on electricity and cooking energy.
Access to energy has been measured traditionally in binary terms—either having access or not. However, this method does not capture the multiple aspects of access—capacity, duration, quality and reliability, affordability, and safety—and…
The ESMAP Annual Report 2016 takes a comprehensive look at ESMAP's programs, activities, and results for FY2016 and for the business plan cycle for FY2014-06.
The ESMAP Annual Report 2015 takes a comprehensive look at ESMAP's programs, activities, and results for Fiscal Year 2015. The first chapter highlights our work for the year, followed by chapters each giving an overview of FY2015…
The reports published under this series are part of a program of work on social and gender aspects of the development and promotion of clean stoves. Grounded in extensive research in Indonesia, the series consists of practical documents…
Nearly 3 billion people in the developing world continue to rely on solid fuel for their cooking needs with serious impacts on economic development, human health, and the environment. The WHO estimates that exposure to household air…